Cultural Influence on Comparative Research: The Need for Cultural Equivalence of Scales

Abstract

Management models evolved from classical models to current models, and were enhanced with psychological, social and cultural components. However, currently many management theories are still applied without considering the cultural context. The aim of this paper is to analyze the limitations and applicability of theoretical models and scientific knowledge in different cultural contexts from which they were designed. To this end, an investigation was made on the literature on international management, assessing issues such as origin of publication, number of articles and authors cited. With respect to the theoretical framework, it included studies on culture and cultural research on comparative studies (cross-cultural) and measurement equivalence. In terms of methodology, this study is presents as a theoretical essay. The limitations of the use of scales in contexts different than where they were created are discussed, especially concerning comparison between groups. Finally, we discuss possible solutions and the next steps for future research.